How to cite

Use these patterns to cite Warconomy correctly: cite the linked primary source for any figure, and cite Warconomy for the structured, cross-linked context and the dataset version. Snippets for every source and indicator are generated from the real records below; sample rows are flagged and must not be cited as current data.

5 citation patterns; 34 source snippets; 54 citable indicator snippets.
Cite the source for the figure; cite Warconomy for context + version.
Machine-readable at /citations/data.json.

Cite the dataset (styles)

Formatted citations for the dataset itself. The version pins the release; the year is the curation date.

apa: Warconomy. (2026). Conflict economic-impact dataset (Version 1.187.0) [Data set]. https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/data.json
mla: Warconomy. "Conflict economic-impact dataset." Version 1.187.0, 2026, https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/data.json.
chicago: Warconomy. "Conflict economic-impact dataset." Version 1.187.0. 2026. https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/data.json.
harvard: Warconomy (2026) Conflict economic-impact dataset (Version 1.187.0). Available at: https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/data.json (Accessed: 2026-06-05).

Patterns

Cite a Warconomy page

Warconomy, "<Page title>", <url>, accessed <date>.

Warconomy, "Strait of Hormuz — economic impact", https://warconomy.com/chokepoints/strait-of-hormuz/economic-impact, accessed 2026-06-05.

Cite a source-linked value

<Metric>: <value> (<period>), <Publisher>, via Warconomy <indicator url>.

Brent crude: $X/bbl (May 2026), U.S. EIA, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/<id>.

Cite a source page

<Publisher>, "<Source title>", accessed <date>; catalogued by Warconomy <source url>.

U.S. EIA, "Brent spot price", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia-brent.

Cite the dataset

Warconomy, "Conflict economic-impact dataset" (v<version>), <data.json url>, accessed <date>.

Warconomy, "Conflict economic-impact dataset" (v1.187.0), https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/data.json, accessed 2026-06-05.

Cite a versioned export

Warconomy dataset v<version>, frozen payload <versioned data.json url>.

Warconomy dataset v1.187.0, frozen payload https://warconomy.com/datasets/conflict-economic-impact/versions/1.187.0/data.json.

Source citations

U.S. Energy Information Administration — U.S. Energy Information Administration, "U.S. Energy Information Administration"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia.
EIA — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (monthly) — U.S. Energy Information Administration, "EIA — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (monthly)", accessed 2026-06-04; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia-brent.
EIA — Spot Prices for Crude Oil (Brent & WTI) — U.S. Energy Information Administration, "EIA — Spot Prices for Crude Oil (Brent & WTI)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia-spot-prices.
EIA — Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price (monthly) — U.S. Energy Information Administration, "EIA — Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price (monthly)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia-henry-hub.
SIPRI — Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2025 — Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "SIPRI — Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2025", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/sipri-milex-2025.
SIPRI — Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2024 — Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "SIPRI — Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2024", accessed 2026-06-06; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/sipri-milex-2024.
International Energy Agency — International Energy Agency, "International Energy Agency"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/iea.
International Monetary Fund — International Monetary Fund, "International Monetary Fund"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/imf.
World Bank — World Bank Group, "World Bank"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/worldbank.
Ukraine — Fourth Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA4) — Government of Ukraine, World Bank Group, European Commission, and United Nations, "Ukraine — Fourth Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA4)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/wb-rdna4.
FAO — Food Price Index (monthly) — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "FAO — Food Price Index (monthly)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/fao-fpi.
UN Conference on Trade and Development — UNCTAD, "UN Conference on Trade and Development"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/unctad.
UNCTAD — Navigating troubled waters (Red Sea / Suez rapid assessment) — UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), "UNCTAD — Navigating troubled waters (Red Sea / Suez rapid assessment)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/unctad-red-sea.
IMF PortWatch — Red Sea Attacks Disrupt Global Trade — International Monetary Fund, "IMF PortWatch — Red Sea Attacks Disrupt Global Trade", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/imf-portwatch-red-sea.
UNCTAD — Review of Maritime Transport 2024 — UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), "UNCTAD — Review of Maritime Transport 2024", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/unctad-rmt-2024.
EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook — energy security / maritime oil chokepoints — U.S. Energy Information Administration, "EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook — energy security / maritime oil chokepoints", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eia-steo-chokepoints.
Panama Canal Authority — FY2024 financial and traffic results — Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad del Canal de Panamá), "Panama Canal Authority — FY2024 financial and traffic results", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/panama-canal-authority.
Food and Agriculture Organization — Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "Food and Agriculture Organization"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/fao.
NATO — Defence expenditure of NATO countries — North Atlantic Treaty Organization, "NATO — Defence expenditure of NATO countries", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/nato.
Suez Canal Authority — Navigation statistics — Suez Canal Authority, "Suez Canal Authority — Navigation statistics", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/sca.
Kiel Institute for the World Economy — Kiel Institute (Ukraine Support Tracker), "Kiel Institute for the World Economy"; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/kse.
European Commission — EU sanctions against Russia: energy (oil price cap) — European Commission, "European Commission — EU sanctions against Russia: energy (oil price cap)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-sanctions-energy.
European Commission — Dynamic mechanism lowers the Russian crude oil price cap to US$44.10/bbl — European Commission, "European Commission — Dynamic mechanism lowers the Russian crude oil price cap to US$44.10/bbl", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-crude-cap-2026.
U.S. Department of the Treasury — Price cap on Russian oil (US$60/bbl crude) — U.S. Department of the Treasury (OFAC), "U.S. Department of the Treasury — Price cap on Russian oil (US$60/bbl crude)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/us-treasury-russia-price-cap.
CREA — Monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports and sanctions — Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), "CREA — Monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports and sanctions", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/crea-russia-fossil-tracker.
European Commission / Council of the EU — 20th sanctions package (shadow-fleet vessel listings) — European Commission, "European Commission / Council of the EU — 20th sanctions package (shadow-fleet vessel listings)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/eu-council-shadow-fleet.
U.S. Department of the Treasury — January 2025 action on Russian oil shipping (shadow-fleet vessels) — U.S. Department of the Treasury (OFAC), "U.S. Department of the Treasury — January 2025 action on Russian oil shipping (shadow-fleet vessels)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/us-treasury-jan2025-vessels.
CREA — Shedding light on shadow tankers — Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), "CREA — Shedding light on shadow tankers", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/crea-shadow-tankers.
Council of the EU — Russia's war against Ukraine: EU sanctions (immobilised assets) — Council of the European Union, "Council of the EU — Russia's war against Ukraine: EU sanctions (immobilised assets)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/consilium-russia-sanctions.
U.S. Department of the Treasury — Disbursement of $20 billion ERA loan to benefit Ukraine — U.S. Department of the Treasury, "U.S. Department of the Treasury — Disbursement of $20 billion ERA loan to benefit Ukraine", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/us-treasury-era.
European Commission — EU's €18.1 billion contribution to the G7 ERA loans (first €3 billion tranche) — European Commission, "European Commission — EU's €18.1 billion contribution to the G7 ERA loans (first €3 billion tranche)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-era-loan.
European Commission — 20th sanctions package (military-industrial & circumvention listings) — European Commission, "European Commission — 20th sanctions package (military-industrial & circumvention listings)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-circumvention-20th.
European Commission — Common High Priority Items list (with the US, UK and Japan) — European Commission, "European Commission — Common High Priority Items list (with the US, UK and Japan)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-chpl.
European Commission — Roadmap to fully end EU dependency on Russian energy (REPowerEU) — European Commission, "European Commission — Roadmap to fully end EU dependency on Russian energy (REPowerEU)", accessed 2026-06-05; catalogued by Warconomy https://warconomy.com/sources/ec-repowereu.

Indicator citations

Ukraine grain exports (sample) — Ukraine grain exports (sample — illustrative, not current; do not cite as data), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-ukr-grain.
Ukraine reconstruction & recovery need — Ukraine reconstruction & recovery need: 524 USD billion (as of December 2024 (RDNA4)), Government of Ukraine, World Bank Group, European Commission, and United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-ukr-reconstruction.
Brent crude price (sample) — Brent crude price (sample — illustrative, not current; do not cite as data), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-ukr-wheat.
FAO Food Price Index — FAO Food Price Index: 130.8 index (2014–2016 = 100) (May 2026 monthly value), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-ukr-food-price-index.
Hormuz oil & condensate transit (sample) — Hormuz oil & condensate transit (sample — illustrative, not current; do not cite as data), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-hormuz-transit.
Brent crude price — Brent crude price: 107.14 USD/bbl (May 2026 monthly average), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-hormuz-brent.
Suez Canal transit change — Suez Canal transit change: -42 % vs. peak (vs. peak, UNCTAD rapid assessment (Feb 2024)), UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-redsea-suez.
Suez Canal container-ship transit change — Suez Canal container-ship transit change: -67 % vs. baseline (weekly transits, UNCTAD rapid assessment (Feb 2024)), UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-redsea-containers.
Asia–Europe container freight (sample) — Asia–Europe container freight (sample — illustrative, not current; do not cite as data), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-redsea-freight.
Global military expenditure — Global military expenditure: 2887 USD billion (2025 (annual)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-global.
Global military expenditure — real-terms change — Global military expenditure — real-terms change: 2.9 % (2025 vs 2024, real terms), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-yoy.
NATO defense spending (share at/above 2% GDP) — NATO defense spending (share at/above 2% GDP): 32 allies (2025 (all 32 allies)), North Atlantic Treaty Organization, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-nato2pct.
Global shipping-risk index (sample) — Global shipping-risk index (sample — illustrative, not current; do not cite as data), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-shipping-risk-index.
Suez Canal trade-volume change — Suez Canal trade-volume change: -50 % YoY (first two months of 2024 vs. 2023 (IMF PortWatch)), International Monetary Fund, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-shipping-risk-suez.
EU Russian crude oil price cap — EU Russian crude oil price cap: 44.1 USD/bbl (EU dynamic cap (15% below 6-month average Urals), effective 1 February 2026), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-sanctions-crude-cap.
U.S./G7 Russian crude oil price cap — U.S./G7 Russian crude oil price cap: 60 USD/bbl (U.S./G7 Price Cap Coalition level, in effect since 5 December 2022), U.S. Department of the Treasury (OFAC), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-sanctions-us-crude-cap.
Russian refined products price cap (premium-to-crude) — Russian refined products price cap (premium-to-crude): 100 USD/bbl (premium-to-crude products (e.g. diesel), in effect since 5 February 2023), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-sanctions-products-cap.
Russia fossil fuel export revenue (CREA) — Russia fossil fuel export revenue (CREA): 734 EUR million/day (April 2026 (daily average), up 4% month-on-month), Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-sanctions-export-revenue.
Russian gas share of EU gas imports — Russian gas share of EU gas imports: 19 % of EU gas imports (2024 (down from 45% in 2021)), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-sanctions-gas-share.
EU-listed shadow-fleet vessels — EU-listed shadow-fleet vessels: 632 vessels (cumulative, as of the EU 20th sanctions package (23 April 2026)), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-shadow-eu-vessels.
OFAC-designated Russia-related vessels — OFAC-designated Russia-related vessels: 183 vessels (designated in the 10 January 2025 OFAC action (143 tankers)), U.S. Department of the Treasury (OFAC), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-shadow-ofac-vessels.
Shadow-fleet share of Russian oil exports — Shadow-fleet share of Russian oil exports: 36 % of exports (volume) (cumulative since 5 December 2022, as reported by CREA (September 2023)), Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-shadow-export-share.
Immobilized Russian central-bank assets (EU) — Immobilized Russian central-bank assets (EU): 210 EUR billion (immobilized in the EU (of about €260 billion worldwide)), Council of the European Union, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-frozen-eu-immobilized.
G7 ERA loans to Ukraine (total) — G7 ERA loans to Ukraine (total): 50 USD billion (G7 ERA loan initiative total (announced 2024; US$20 billion U.S. tranche disbursed)), U.S. Department of the Treasury, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-frozen-g7-era.
EU contribution to G7 ERA loans — EU contribution to G7 ERA loans: 18.1 EUR billion (EU contribution to the G7 ERA loans (first €3 billion tranche, January 2025)), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-frozen-eu-era.
EU-listed entities supporting Russia's military-industrial base / circumvention — EU-listed entities supporting Russia's military-industrial base / circumvention: 60 entities (EU 20th sanctions package (28 of 60 in third countries), 23 April 2026), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-circumvention-eu-entities.
Common High Priority Items (export-control list) — Common High Priority Items (export-control list): 50 items (Common High Priority Items, version of February 2024 (EU/US/UK/Japan)), European Commission, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-circumvention-chpl.
Panama Canal vessel transits — Panama Canal vessel transits: 9944 transits (FY2024 (1 Oct 2023–30 Sep 2024), Panama Canal Authority), Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad del Canal de Panamá), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-panama-transits.
Panama Canal toll revenue — Panama Canal toll revenue: 4.99 USD billion (balboas, 1:1 USD) (FY2024 total revenue, Panama Canal Authority), Panama Canal Authority (Autoridad del Canal de Panamá), via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-panama-revenue.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 2.4 million bbl/day (2Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-panama-oil-2q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 2.8 million bbl/day (1Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-panama-oil-1q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 22.8 million bbl/day (2Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-malacca-oil-2q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 21.7 million bbl/day (1Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-malacca-oil-1q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 4.3 million bbl/day (2Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-babelmandeb-oil-2q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 3.7 million bbl/day (1Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-babelmandeb-oil-1q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 3.7 million bbl/day (2Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-turkish-oil-2q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 3.6 million bbl/day (1Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-turkish-oil-1q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 4.7 million bbl/day (2Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-danish-oil-2q25.
Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit — Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit: 4.8 million bbl/day (1Q2025 average (EIA STEO)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-danish-oil-1q25.
Brent crude price — Brent crude price: 92.88 USD/bbl (Europe Brent spot, 29 May 2026 (EIA)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-oil-brent-spot.
WTI crude price — WTI crude price: 91.16 USD/bbl (Cushing WTI spot, 29 May 2026 (EIA)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-oil-wti-spot.
Henry Hub natural gas price — Henry Hub natural gas price: 2.94 USD/MMBtu (Henry Hub, May 2026 average (EIA)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-gas-henryhub-may26.
Henry Hub natural gas price — Henry Hub natural gas price: 2.77 USD/MMBtu (Henry Hub, April 2026 average (EIA)), U.S. Energy Information Administration, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-gas-henryhub-apr26.
FAO Food Price Index — FAO Food Price Index: 130.8 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Food Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-fpi.
FAO food price sub-index — FAO food price sub-index: 114.3 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Cereal Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-cereal.
FAO food price sub-index — FAO food price sub-index: 185 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Vegetable Oil Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-vegoil.
FAO food price sub-index — FAO food price sub-index: 119.2 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Dairy Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-dairy.
FAO food price sub-index — FAO food price sub-index: 130.5 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Meat Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-meat.
FAO food price sub-index — FAO food price sub-index: 95.1 index (2014–2016 = 100) (FAO Sugar Price Index, May 2026), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-food-sugar.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 954 USD billion (United States military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-us-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 336 USD billion (China military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-china-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 190 USD billion (Russia military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-russia-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 114 USD billion (Germany military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-germany-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 92.1 USD billion (India military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-india-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 89 USD billion (United Kingdom military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-uk-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 84.1 USD billion (Ukraine military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-ukraine-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 83.2 USD billion (Saudi Arabia military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-saudi-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 68 USD billion (France military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-france-2025.
Country military expenditure — Country military expenditure: 62.2 USD billion (Japan military expenditure, 2025 (SIPRI estimate)), Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, via Warconomy https://warconomy.com/indicators/obs-defense-japan-2025.

Citation snippets are generated from real records. Cite the linked source for a figure and Warconomy for the structured context and dataset version. Sample rows are flagged and must not be cited as data. Not real-time.

Machine-readable: citations/data.json.