{"id":"country-military-expenditure","name":"Country military expenditure","unit":"USD billion","category":"defense","description":"A single country's annual military expenditure for a given year, as estimated by SIPRI. A source-reported annual figure, not real-time.","observationCount":10}
{"id":"global-defense-spending","name":"Global military expenditure","unit":"USD billion","category":"defense","description":"Total worldwide military spending for a given year.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"global-defense-spending-change","name":"Global military expenditure — real-terms change","unit":"%","category":"defense","description":"Year-over-year change in world military expenditure in real terms.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"nato-gdp-share","name":"NATO defense spending (share at/above 2% GDP)","unit":"count of allies","category":"defense","description":"Number of NATO allies estimated to meet or exceed the 2% of GDP defense-spending guideline.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"brent-crude-price","name":"Brent crude price","unit":"USD/bbl","category":"energy","description":"Benchmark price for Brent crude oil, commonly tracked alongside energy-supply risk.","observationCount":3}
{"id":"chokepoint-oil-transit","name":"Chokepoint oil & petroleum liquids transit","unit":"million bbl/day","category":"energy","description":"EIA estimate of the volume of crude oil and petroleum liquids transported through a maritime chokepoint, in million barrels per day, for a stated quarter. A quarterly snapshot from the EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook, not real-time.","observationCount":10}
{"id":"henry-hub-gas-price","name":"Henry Hub natural gas price","unit":"USD/MMBtu","category":"energy","description":"U.S. Henry Hub natural gas spot benchmark price, a reference for North American gas markets, tracked alongside the energy-supply channel.","observationCount":2}
{"id":"hormuz-oil-transit","name":"Hormuz oil & condensate transit","unit":"million bbl/day","category":"energy","description":"Estimated daily crude oil and condensate volume transiting the Strait of Hormuz.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"russia-crude-price-cap","name":"EU Russian crude oil price cap","unit":"USD/bbl","category":"energy","description":"EU policy threshold above which coalition operators may not provide maritime services for seaborne Russian crude oil (a dynamic cap kept 15% below the six-month average Urals price). A policy parameter, not a market price.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"russia-products-price-cap","name":"Russian refined products price cap (premium-to-crude)","unit":"USD/bbl","category":"energy","description":"Policy threshold for premium-to-crude seaborne Russian petroleum products (e.g. diesel, kerosene, gasoline) under the price-cap regime. A policy parameter, not a market price.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"us-g7-crude-price-cap","name":"U.S./G7 Russian crude oil price cap","unit":"USD/bbl","category":"energy","description":"U.S./G7 (Price Cap Coalition) policy threshold above which coalition operators may not provide covered services for seaborne Russian-origin crude oil. A policy parameter, not a market price.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"wti-crude-price","name":"WTI crude price","unit":"USD/bbl","category":"energy","description":"Benchmark price for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil (Cushing, Oklahoma), the U.S. crude reference, tracked alongside Brent.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"fao-food-price-index","name":"FAO Food Price Index","unit":"index (2014–2016 = 100)","category":"food","description":"FAO's monthly index of international food commodity prices (nominal, 2014–2016 = 100); a global benchmark tracked alongside food-security and conflict-related supply channels.","observationCount":2}
{"id":"fao-food-subindex","name":"FAO food price sub-index","unit":"index (2014–2016 = 100)","category":"food","description":"An FAO Food Price Index sub-index (cereals, vegetable oils, dairy, meat, or sugar), a global food-commodity benchmark (nominal, 2014–2016 = 100) tracked alongside the food-security channel. The specific sub-index is named per observation.","observationCount":5}
{"id":"ukraine-grain-exports","name":"Ukraine grain exports","unit":"million tonnes/month","category":"food","description":"Monthly grain export volume from Ukraine across sea and land corridors.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"eu-era-contribution","name":"EU contribution to G7 ERA loans","unit":"EUR billion","category":"macro","description":"The EU's contribution (exceptional Macro-Financial Assistance loan) to the G7 ERA loan initiative for Ukraine, repaid from proceeds of immobilized Russian assets. A source-reported commitment, distinct from amounts actually disbursed.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"g7-era-loans","name":"G7 ERA loans to Ukraine (total)","unit":"USD billion","category":"macro","description":"Total of the G7 Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) loan initiative for Ukraine, to be repaid from the windfall proceeds generated by immobilized Russian sovereign assets — a loan financed by proceeds, not the principal assets.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"immobilized-russian-assets-eu","name":"Immobilized Russian central-bank assets (EU)","unit":"EUR billion","category":"macro","description":"Principal value of Central Bank of Russia sovereign assets immobilized in the EU (the assets are immobilized, not confiscated). A source-reported standing total that differs from worldwide figures; not the proceeds those assets generate.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"russia-fossil-export-revenue","name":"Russia fossil fuel export revenue (CREA)","unit":"EUR million/day","category":"macro","description":"CREA's monthly estimate of Russia's daily-average fossil fuel export revenue. An export-revenue estimate by an independent research organisation (authoritative research, not official government data); tracked alongside the sanctions/price-cap channel and many other factors, not a causal attribution.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"ukraine-reconstruction-cost","name":"Ukraine reconstruction & recovery need","unit":"USD billion","category":"macro","description":"Estimated cumulative cost of reconstruction and recovery, as assessed by institutions.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"asia-europe-freight","name":"Asia–Europe container freight","unit":"USD/FEU","category":"shipping","description":"Spot freight rate for a 40-foot-equivalent container on the Asia-to-Europe lane.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"eu-shadow-fleet-vessels","name":"EU-listed shadow-fleet vessels","unit":"vessels","category":"shipping","description":"Cumulative number of vessels in Russia's 'shadow fleet' listed by the EU (subject to port-access and maritime-service bans) across successive sanctions packages. A source-reported count as of a stated package, not a real-time tally.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"ofac-designated-vessels","name":"OFAC-designated Russia-related vessels","unit":"vessels","category":"shipping","description":"Number of vessels designated in a specific U.S. Treasury / OFAC sanctions action targeting Russian oil shipping and the shadow fleet. A source-reported count for a stated action, not a real-time tally.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"shipping-risk-index","name":"Global shipping-risk index","unit":"index (0–100)","category":"shipping","description":"Composite indicator of maritime disruption risk across major routes and chokepoints.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"suez-container-transit-change","name":"Suez Canal container-ship transit change","unit":"% vs. baseline","category":"shipping","description":"Change in weekly container-ship transits through the Suez Canal relative to a prior baseline period.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"suez-transit-change","name":"Suez Canal transit change","unit":"% vs. baseline","category":"shipping","description":"Change in vessel transits through the Suez Canal relative to a prior baseline or peak period.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"common-high-priority-items","name":"Common High Priority Items (export-control list)","unit":"items","category":"trade","description":"Number of items (six-digit HS codes) on the Common High Priority Items list jointly maintained by the EU, US, UK, and Japan — battlefield/dual-use goods at high risk of diversion to Russia. A policy/export-control parameter, not a market value.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"eu-circumvention-entities","name":"EU-listed entities supporting Russia's military-industrial base / circumvention","unit":"entities","category":"trade","description":"Number of entities the EU listed in a given sanctions package for providing direct or indirect support to Russia's military-industrial complex or for sanctions circumvention, including third-country entities. A source-reported count as of a stated package, not a cumulative total.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"eu-russian-gas-share","name":"Russian gas share of EU gas imports","unit":"% of EU gas imports","category":"trade","description":"Share of EU gas imports sourced from Russia, tracked alongside the EU's energy-diversification channel under REPowerEU. An annual figure that may be revised.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"panama-canal-revenue","name":"Panama Canal toll revenue","unit":"USD billion","category":"trade","description":"Total toll/transit revenue of the Panama Canal in a fiscal year, as reported by the Panama Canal Authority (in balboas, pegged 1:1 to the U.S. dollar).","observationCount":1}
{"id":"panama-canal-transits","name":"Panama Canal vessel transits","unit":"transits","category":"trade","description":"Number of deep-draft vessel transits through the Panama Canal in a fiscal year, as reported by the Panama Canal Authority.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"shadow-fleet-export-share","name":"Shadow-fleet share of Russian oil exports","unit":"% of exports (volume)","category":"trade","description":"Estimated share of Russian oil exports (by volume) carried by 'shadow'/'dark' tankers, as reported by research organisations. Estimates vary by methodology and period and are not a causal attribution.","observationCount":1}
{"id":"suez-trade-volume-change","name":"Suez Canal trade-volume change","unit":"% YoY","category":"trade","description":"Year-over-year change in the volume of trade transiting the Suez Canal, as estimated from vessel-tracking data.","observationCount":1}