{
  "id": "ukraine-refugees-recorded",
  "title": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded worldwide",
  "unit": "people",
  "domain": "displacement",
  "metricId": "ukraine-refugees-recorded",
  "metricName": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded worldwide",
  "subjectType": "conflict",
  "subjectId": "russia-ukraine",
  "summaryFinding": "UNHCR's recorded/registered refugee count from Ukraine rose fastest in 2022, then broadly stabilised. Because the portal count is a registration-based figure — not a real-time headcount, and it moves as registrations are reconciled or people return — Warconomy presents this series range-only rather than as false point precision. Recent snapshots put the recorded total in the low-to-high 5-million range.",
  "geographicCoverage": "Refugees from Ukraine recorded worldwide (great majority in Europe)",
  "coveredThrough": "2026-04-30",
  "lastReviewed": "2026-07-22",
  "page": "https://warconomy.com/data-series/ukraine-refugees-recorded",
  "points": [
    {
      "period": "2022",
      "date": "2022-12-31",
      "epistemicClass": "reconstructed",
      "evidenceStatus": "provisional",
      "value": null,
      "interval": {
        "low": 5900000,
        "high": 8000000,
        "intervalMeaning": "plausible-range"
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "unhcr-ukraine-portal"
      ],
      "recordRef": {
        "kind": "historical-estimate",
        "id": "he-ukr-refugees-2022"
      },
      "note": "Reconstructed stock during 2022's rapid rise; border crossings (a flow) ran higher."
    },
    {
      "period": "2024",
      "date": "2024-12-31",
      "epistemicClass": "reconstructed",
      "evidenceStatus": "provisional",
      "value": null,
      "interval": {
        "low": 5800000,
        "high": 6700000,
        "intervalMeaning": "plausible-range"
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "unhcr-ukraine-portal"
      ],
      "recordRef": {
        "kind": "historical-estimate",
        "id": "he-ukr-refugees-2024"
      },
      "note": "Reconstructed 2024 recorded stock."
    },
    {
      "period": "Dec 2025-Apr 2026",
      "date": "2026-04-30",
      "epistemicClass": "observed",
      "evidenceStatus": "reported",
      "value": null,
      "interval": {
        "low": 5200000,
        "high": 5900000,
        "intervalMeaning": "plausible-range"
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "unhcr-ukraine-portal"
      ],
      "recordRef": null,
      "note": "UNHCR-recorded band across Dec-2025-Apr-2026 snapshots, as cited on /human-cost. A registration-based count, not a headcount."
    },
    {
      "period": "Mid-2026",
      "date": "2026-07-31",
      "epistemicClass": "nowcast",
      "evidenceStatus": "provisional",
      "value": null,
      "interval": {
        "low": 5100000,
        "high": 5900000,
        "intervalMeaning": "plausible-range"
      },
      "sourceIds": [
        "unhcr-ukraine-portal"
      ],
      "recordRef": {
        "kind": "nowcast",
        "id": "nc-ukr-refugees-2026-mid"
      },
      "note": "Proxy nowcast of the mid-2026 recorded stock."
    }
  ],
  "competingSeries": [],
  "sourceTransitions": [],
  "definitionChanges": [],
  "missingPeriods": [
    {
      "start": "2023-01-01",
      "end": "2025-11-30",
      "reason": "source-inaccessible"
    }
  ],
  "methodologyIds": [
    "trend-backcast-v1",
    "anchor-interpolation-v1",
    "proxy-nowcast-v1"
  ]
}